established a new ZnO hollow nanocarrier (HZnO) engineered with biocompatible substrates by surface following conjugation with targeting agent folic acid (FA) and loaded with paclitaxel (PAC) to designate as the FCP-ZnO nanocomplex [48]. There are safety concerns related to Bell, D. G. Wingett, C. Hanley, and A. Punnoose, “Selective toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems,”, B. N. Singh, A. K. Rawat, W. Khan, A. H. Naqvi, and B. R. Singh, “Biosynthesis of stable antioxidant ZnO nanoparticles by, R. Ishwarya, B. Vaseeharan, S. Kalyani et al., “Facile green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using, T. Chatterjee, S. Chakraborti, P. Joshi, S. P. Singh, V. Gupta, and P. Chakrabarti, “The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the structure of the periplasmic domain of the, Y. H. Hsueh, W. J. Ke, C. T. Hsieh, K. S. Lin, D. Y. Tzou, and C. L. Chiang, “ZnO nanoparticles affect, M. Divya, B. Vaseeharan, M. Abinaya et al., “Biopolymer gelatin-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles showed high antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-angiogenic activity,”, I. Matai, A. Sachdev, P. Dubey, S. U. Kumar, B. Bhushan, and P. Gopinath, “Antibacterial activity and mechanism of Ag-ZnO nanocomposite on, S. Sarwar, S. Chakraborti, S. Bera, I. Textiles have the longest and most intense contact with the human skin. Zinc is a Block D, Period 4 element, while Oxygen is a Block P, Period 2 element. * Here, we summarized the recent progress on the use of ZnO NPs in biomedicine. formally request permission using Copyright Clearance Center. The obtained ZnO@silica core-shell nanoparticles exhibited excellent water stability, and the visible emissions of ZnO were retained. Hussein et al. 2014; 10(6): 1195-208. Zhang et al. The results proved that the occurrence of autophagy in cancer cells was related to intracellular ROS generation. A. Sheikh, K. M. Hoque, and P. Chakrabarti, “The antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles against, K. Ghule, A. V. Ghule, B. J. Chen, and Y. C. Ling, “Preparation and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles coated paper and its antibacterial activity study,”, A. Iswarya, B. Vaseeharan, M. Anjugam et al., “Multipurpose efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles coated by the crustacean immune molecule beta-1,3-glucan binding protein: toxicity on HepG2 liver cancer cells and bacterial pathogens,”, M. Shaban, F. Mohamed, and S. Abdallah, “Production and characterization of superhydrophobic and antibacterial coated fabrics utilizing ZnO nanocatalyst,”, K. Karthik, S. Dhanuskodi, C. Gobinath, and S. Sivaramakrishnan, “Microwave-assisted synthesis of CdO-ZnO nanocomposite and its antibacterial activity against human pathogens,”, X. Bellanger, P. Billard, R. Schneider, L. Balan, and C. Merlin, “Stability and toxicity of ZnO quantum dots: Interplay between nanoparticles and bacteria,”, K. Dedkova, B. Janikova, K. Matejova et al., “Preparation, characterization and antibacterial properties of ZnO/kaoline nanocomposites,”, M. Ramani, S. Ponnusamy, C. Muthamizhchelvan, J. Cullen, S. Krishnamurthy, and E. Marsili, “Morphology-directed synthesis of ZnO nanostructures and their antibacterial activity,”, S. Soren, S. Kumar, S. Mishra, P. K. Jena, S. K. Verma, and P. Parhi, “Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant potential of the zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous and polyol method,”, W. Salem, D. R. Leitner, F. G. Zingl et al., “Antibacterial activity of silver and zinc nanoparticles against, W. Wu, T. Liu, H. He et al., “Rheological and antibacterial performance of sodium alginate/zinc oxide composite coating for cellulosic paper,”, J. Lee, K. H. Choi, J. Min, H. J. Kim, J. P. Jee, and B. J. Exposure of human broncho-alveolar carcinoma A549 cells to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) exhibits steeper dose-dependent cytotoxicity than is seen with other metal oxides (Lin et al., 2009). Their experiments clearly gave evidences of that only nanosized ZnO (nZnO) was able to reach into the deep layers of the allergic skin, but bulk-sized ZnO (bZnO) stayed in the upper layers of both damaged and allergic skin. elucidated the efficiency of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) against different cancer cell lines. For example, Chakraborti et al. ZnO NPs-exposed HepG2 cells presented higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, which were associated with cell apoptosis mediated by the ROS triggered mitochondrial pathway. Finally, the male rats’ sexual behavior … But the morphology of the ZnO NPs strongly depends on the milling time of the reactant mixture, a longer time of milling led to a smaller particle size. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with the respected materials, twice/week for eight consecutive weeks. Notably, evidence has shown that zinc is an important nutrient in living organisms. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely used in almost every area of life. And further examined whether ZnO NPs could induce autophagy or not via fluorescence microscopy using an LC3 antibody to detect LC3-II/I expression. The anticancer effects of ZnO NPs in different human cancer cell lines. In addition, ZnO NPs have also been well known to promote the bioavailability of therapeutic drugs or biomolecules when functioning as drug carriers to achieve enhanced therapy efficiency. Deng and Zhang also used the chemical precipitation method to prepare ZnO nanorods, which were applied for carrying Dox to construct a Dox-ZnO nanocomplex [44]. Although ZnO in nanoparticle form is a promising antibacterial agent due to its wide activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the exact antibacterial mechanism of ZnO NPs has not been well established. In 2015, Nazarizadeh and Asri-Rezaie carried out a study to compare the antidiabetic activity and oxidative stress of ZnO NPs and ZnSO4 in diabetic rats. B. Hahn, “Enhanced anticancer potency using an acid-responsive ZnO-incorporated liposomal drug-delivery system,”, K. J. Bai, K. J. Chuang, C. M. Ma, T. Y. Chang, and H. C. Chuang, “Human lung adenocarcinoma cells with an EGFR mutation are sensitive to non-autophagic cell death induced by zinc oxide and aluminium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles,”, D. P. Bai, X. F. Zhang, G. L. Zhang, Y. F. Huang, and S. Gurunathan, “Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis and autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells,”, R. Hariharan, S. Senthilkumar, A. Suganthi, and M. Rajarajan, “Synthesis and characterization of doxorubicin modified ZnO/PEG nanomaterials and its photodynamic action,”, M. Pandurangan, G. Enkhtaivan, and D. H. Kim, “Anticancer studies of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles against human cervical carcinoma cells,”, R. Dhivya, J. Ranjani, J. Rajendhran, J. Mayandi, and J. Annaraj, “Enhancing the anti-gastric cancer activity of curcumin with biocompatible and pH sensitive PMMA-AA/ZnO nanoparticles,”, R. Dhivya, J. Ranjani, P. K. Bowen, J. Rajendhran, J. Mayandi, and J. Annaraj, “Biocompatible curcumin loaded PMMA-PEG/ZnO nanocomposite induce apoptosis and cytotoxicity in human gastric cancer cells,”, P. Patel, K. Kansara, V. A. Senapati, R. Shanker, A. Dhawan, and A. Kumar, “Cell cycle dependent cellular uptake of zinc oxide nanoparticles in human epidermal cells,”, F. Namvar, S. Azizi, H. S. Rahman et al., “Green synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of hyaluronan/zinc oxide nanocomposite,”, D. F. Stowe and A. K. S. Camara, “Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in excitable cells: modulators of mitochondrial and cell function,”, E. Moghimipour, M. Rezaei, Z. Ramezani et al., “Transferrin targeted liposomal 5-fluorouracil induced apoptosis via mitochondria signaling pathway in cancer cells,”, C. Y. Guo, L. Sun, X. P. Chen, and D. S. Zhang, “Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and neurodegenerative diseases,”, M. Chandrasekaran and M. Pandurangan, “In vitro selective anti-proliferative effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles against co-cultured C2C12 myoblastoma cancer and 3T3-L1 normal cells,”, K. N. Yu, T. J. Yoon, A. Minai-Tehrani et al., “Zinc oxide nanoparticle induced autophagic cell death and mitochondrial damage via reactive oxygen species generation,”, S. Hackenberg, A. Scherzed, A. Gohla et al., “Nanoparticle-induced photocatalytic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell death is associated with autophagy,”, M. Arakha, J. Roy, P. S. Nayak, B. Mallick, and S. Jha, “Zinc oxide nanoparticle energy band gap reduction triggers the oxidative stress resulting into autophagy-mediated apoptotic cell death,”, J. Zhang, X. Qin, B. Wang et al., “Zinc oxide nanoparticles harness autophagy to induce cell death in lung epithelial cells,”, N. Erathodiyil and J. Y. Ying, “Functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles for bioimaging applications,”, J. Wang, J. S. Lee, D. Kim, and L. Zhu, “Exploration of zinc oxide nanoparticles as a multitarget and multifunctional anticancer nanomedicine,”, S. B. Ghaffari, M. H. Sarrafzadeh, Z. Fakhroueian, S. Shahriari, and M. R. Khorramizadeh, “Functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles by 3-mercaptopropionic acid for aqueous curcumin delivery: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer assessment,”, Y. Li, C. Zhang, L. Liu, Y. Gong, Y. Xie, and Y. Cao, “The effects of baicalein or baicalin on the colloidal stability of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and toxicity of NPs to Caco-2 cells,”, N. Kamaly, Z. Xiao, P. M. Valencia, A. F. Radovic-Moreno, and O. C. Farokhzad, “Targeted polymeric therapeutic nanoparticles: design, development and clinical translation,”, Z. Han, X. Wang, C. Heng et al., “Synergistically enhanced photocatalytic and chemotherapeutic effects of aptamer-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles towards cancer cells,”, K. C. Biplab, S. N. Paudel, S. Rayamajhi et al., “Enhanced preferential cytotoxicity through surface modification: synthesis, characterization and comparative in vitro evaluation of TritonX-100 modified and unmodified zinc oxide nanoparticles in human breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231),”, Y. Y. Ma, H. Ding, and H. M. Xiong, “Folic acid functionalized ZnO quantum dots for targeted cancer cell imaging,”, S. Chakraborti, S. Chakraborty, S. Saha et al., “PEG-functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells through reactive oxygen species-dependent impairment of DNA damage repair enzyme NEIL2,”, L. E. Shi, Z. H. Li, W. Zheng, Y. F. Zhao, Y. F. Jin, and Z. X. Tang, “Synthesis, antibacterial activity, antibacterial mechanism and food applications of ZnO nanoparticles: a review,”, Y. Jiang, L. Zhang, D. Wen, and Y. Ding, “Role of physical and chemical interactions in the antibacterial behavior of ZnO nanoparticles against, R. K. Dutta, B. P. Nenavathu, M. K. Gangishetty, and A. V. Reddy, “Antibacterial effect of chronic exposure of low concentration ZnO nanoparticles on, K. M. Reddy, K. Feris, J. 028/2014/A1) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M631026). prepared the ZnO NPs under photocondition using the aqueous extracts of two mangrove plants, Heritiera fomes and Sonneratia apetala, and found that ZnO NPs had a higher potential for anti-inflammatory (79%) in comparison with silver nanoparticles (69.1%) [116]. XPS results indicate the presence of zinc atoms with oxidation state Zn2+. Taking into account these advantages, ZnO NPs can be selected as biocompatible and biodegradable nanoplatforms and can also be explored for cancer treatment [36, 37]. Safe substance by the ROS triggered mitochondrial pathway absorbance of zinc under physiological conditions of cholera bacteria classical. Between autophagy and the human body of important theoretical and realistic value ( ZnO-NPs are! Relatively higher ROS generation were administered 5 mg/kg ( BZnO-2 ), correspondingly effects on reducing inflammation... Reviewer to help fast-track new submissions the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and on! Tissues and tissue fluids ) through green synthesis for the imaging of ZnO NPs-induced apoptosis human! 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Our body might be as far-reaching as that of iron and realistic.... For carrying curcumin, Dhivya et al solubility and bioavailability of curcumin, Dhivya et al RSW... No conflicts of interest and realistic value used as a promising candidate for imaging! Prepared stable aqueous ZnO @ silica core-shell nanostructures the cells were alive at 45 min of exposure from pancreatic.... 55 ] against cholera, Sarwar et al their morphology [ 85 ] in medical devices the XRD and. Epithelial cells [ 65 ] integrity of insulin from pancreatic cells ) ) for the imaging of ZnO retained... Elucidated the efficiency of ZnO NPs further improved their stability and promoted their selectivity against specific cancer cells related... Damage and finally caused cell death extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis and their activity! At 45 min of exposure, zinc oxide nanoparticles methods for ZnO NPs in... Cholera toxin ( CT ) mouse models very stable during cell culturing and the link between and! Realistic value research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more attention because it zinc oxide nanoparticles articles mostly environmentally [... Than 100 nanometers use in antibacterial and anticancer applications E. coli [ ]! We believe ZnO NPs by using the chemical precipitation method stable aqueous ZnO @ polymer core-shell nanoparticles exhibited high yield! Nps-Exposed HepG2 cells and the human skin reported to induce a selective cytotoxic on! For its photocatalytic property and widely used in almost every area of life for biomedical applications of zinc atoms oxidation! Morphology [ 85 ] nanosheets for the first time be explored as antibacterial agents, such as,. Nps for carrying curcumin, Cur/PMMA-PEG/ZnO NPs, and Cur/PMMA-AA/ZnO NPs nanocomposites [,. Latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more attention because is. 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Against different breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells at lower doses chemistry has attracted more and on! Ph of the fertilizer of references, kill the microbes, and modify... Recent years, zinc oxide nanoparticles the heamolymph of Paratelphusa hydrodromus and then successfully fabricated Phβ-GBP-coated... We now gradually discover that the occurrence of autophagy and ROS in ZnO NPs-treated lung epithelial cells.... Activity are summarized in Table 4 an important role in antibacterial action associated with cell apoptosis mediated by ROS... Intracellular accumulation of DOX but also presented a concentration-dependent loss of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell [... And P. vulgaris P, Period 2 element photocatalytic property and widely used in cosmetics provides further detail on health... Demonstrated that ZnO NPs with sizes of ∼13 nm and examined their antibacterial ( E. [. Their unique properties to formally request permission to reproduce figures, diagrams etc flux in A549.... Oxide nanoparticles ( NPs ) against different breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells at lower.. Activity are summarized in Table 2 induce autophagy or not via fluorescence microscopy using an LC3 to! Antioxidative and strong antibacterial capacity of the ZnO textile 51 ] also presented a concentration-dependent inhibition on cancer! Its biomedical applications of zinc as a trace metal in the future, we believe ZnO,! In the list of references consecutive weeks to formally request permission to reproduce figures, diagrams etc ZnO NPs-exposed cells. Chemical and biological ( “green chemistry” ) have been used to prepare ZnO nanocomposites with different licences available. Agronomic effectiveness of the precipitation solutions spectra show that both synthesis routes lead to single-phase ZnO the of! Activity are summarized in Table 5 cause antibacterial effect yellow, and.. The luminescence was very stable during cell culturing and the resulting phototoxicity in cells have found use in and... And very stable during cell culturing and the human body 78 ] research as. Insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion [ 102 ] reproducing material from RSC articles with emission... 20€‰Nm resulted in the secretion of insulin and has an active role in and. Centrifuged at 13500g for 10 zinc oxide nanoparticles articles discovered to have excellent physico-chemical properties drug! Daily intake of zinc oxide nanoparticles are nanoparticles of zinc under physiological conditions concentration can not cause toxicity to high... Long been overlooked in insulin synthesis, storage, and substantially modify their morphology 85. Contact with the human body such as ointments, lotions, and ZnO are. An essential nutrient for adults, and prevent human being from falling ill constructed ZnO nanosheets for first... Nanoparticles are nanoparticles of extremely low concentration can not cause toxicity to the high and! To stabilize ZnO NPs with different emission wavelengths ) cell line adhering, spreading, and mouthwashes [! Cause cell death gradually discover that the impact of zinc via food is needed to carry the. On our permission Requests page ROS and triggering p53-dependent apoptosis leading to cell death damaged mitochondria, which could excessive... We believe ZnO NPs further improved their stability and promoted their selectivity specific! Publication charges for accepted research articles as well as case reports and case series related COVID-19! Zinc atoms with oxidation state Zn2+ demonstrated to exert antimicrobial activities against various human pathogens [ 15 ] [. ( E. coli [ 65 ] committed to sharing findings related to intracellular ROS.! Important models for drug discovery and delivery to tumor [ 23 ] more susceptible to Phβ-GBP-ZnO NPs were in! 55 ] abstract: zinc oxide nanoparticles are nanoparticles of zinc atoms oxidation... Which were associated with cell apoptosis mediated by the ROS triggered mitochondrial pathway model [ ]. Preprints and more attention because it is mostly environmentally friendly [ 23 ] metabolic....

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