To the Byzantine citizens themselves, the Union of the Churches, which to John VIII served as an assurance of a great western crusade against the Ottomans, was a death warrant for their empire. By the beginning of the 15th century, the emperors had lost any real power, with the empire effectively having become a client state to the new Ottoman Empire. Due to his knowledge of the Turkish language, Theodore also accompanied Venetian ambassadors in diplomatic missions to the Ottoman Empire, visiting Constantinople several times. 1471-72", "Crusading and Matrimony in the Dynastic Policies of Montferrat and Savoy", "Surviving Exile: Byzantine Families and the Serenissima 1453–1600", "Organo di informazione del Circolo Culturale "I Marchesi del Monferrato" "in attesa di registrazione in Tribunale, "Sophia of Montferrat, or The History of One Face", "A Worthless Prince? He made his own son Matthew Kantakouzenosa co-emperor in 1353. John was chief adviser to Andronicus III Palaeologus, having helped him gain the throne from his grandfather Andronicus II. Their own medieval origin stories ascribed them an ancient and prestigious origin in ancient Roman Italy, descended from some of the Romans that had accompanied Constantine the Great to Constantinople upon its foundation in 330. While he was Emperor, there is evidence showing he used the name Andronikos, after his father, although when he was regent during his Variant used during the joint reign of John V Palaiologos and John VI Kantakouzenos 1347–1354. [120], Some nobles with the last name Palaiologos remained in Ottoman Constantinople, and even prospered in the immediate post-conquest period. Thomas retained hope that the Papacy might yet call for a crusade to restore the Byzantine Empire whereas Demetrios, probably the more realistic of the two, had more or less given up hope of Christian aid from the West and believed it to be best to placate the Turks. [75] The ancestry of the Paleologu can be traced to Greeks with the name Palaiologos, but not to the imperial family. [102] Nothing is known of Godscall's life, the only record of her existence being her baptismal records. [1] On John IV's eleventh birthday, 25 December 1261, the boy was deposed, blinded and confined to a monastery. Their only child to survive until adulthood, Charlotte, died childless in 1487. [86] These modern Palaiologoi cannot be confidently proven to descend from the imperial dynasty, or the medieval family which produced it. When Constantinople fell to the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Palaiologoi fled to the Empire of Nicaea, a Byzantine successor state ruled by the Laskaris family, where they continued to play an active role and occupied many offices of high rank. The sultan generously received him and Manuel stayed in Constantinople for the rest of his life. [61] Michael's son and successor Andronikos II wished to further legitimize the rule of the Palaiologan dynasty. John VIII Palaeologus, Palaeologus also spelled Palaiologos, (born December 17/18, 1392—died October 31, 1448, Constantinople, Byzantine Empire [now Istanbul, Turkey]), Byzantine emperor who spent his reign appealing to the West for help against the final assaults by the Ottoman Turks on the Byzantine Empire.. He served as grand domestic under Andronikos III Palaiologos and regent for John V Palaiologos before reigning as Byzantine emperor in his own right from 1347 to 1354. John V was initially victorious, imprisoning and disinheriting Andronikos IV and appointing a younger son, Manuel II Palaiologos, as his successor instead. Because the name could lend whoever bore it prestige (as well as possible monetary support), many refugees fabricated closer links to the imperial dynasty. Just a few days after Theodore's death, Michael led a coup against the bureaucrat George Mouzalon,[9] who had been appointed regent by Theodore II. [1] Despite their de facto submission under the Ottomans, the Byzantines continued to act with hostility against them. A 1455 document in which Cardinal Isidoro Ruteno grants indulgences to those who donate to a church in San Mauro Cilento mentions a "Ruggerio" as the son of "Tommaso Paleologo". Disputes between John V's mother Anna of Savoy and the Patriarch John XIV on one side and Andronikos III's friend and megas domestikos John Kantakouzenos on the other led to a new and devastating civil war, lasting until 1347 and won by John Kantakouzenos, who became senior co-emperor as John VI. [27][28] Mehmed was victorious and annexed the region directly into the Ottoman Empire, ending Palaiologan rule in Greece. [1], The Palaiologoi ruled Byzantium at its weakest point in history, and the empire underwent significant economical and political decline. [1], In contrast to these ancient and prestigious origin stories, the Palaiologoi probably actually originated relatively late in Anatolia, possibly in the Anatolic Theme. [15] Even during the final decades of the Byzantine Empire, the Palaiologoi often found it difficult to cooperate with each other. [79] Venice had first become interested in hiring stratioti after witnessing the prowess of Greek and Albanian soldiers in the First Ottoman–Venetian War of 1463–1479. [72] An expedition to "recover" these territories was never organized. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. John V married Helena Kantakouzene, daughter of his co-emperor John VI Kantakouzenos and Irene Asanina, on 28 May 1347. Her husband was a son of Orhan I and Helena's sister Theodora Kantakouzene. [115], Another family which claims to descend from the old imperial dynasty are the Paleologu of Romania, claiming to be the descendants of an otherwise unattested son of Theodore II Palaiologos, Despot of the Morea, called Emanuel Petrus (Manuel Petros in Greek). His triumph in the six-year civil war is the subject of the poem "John Kantakouzenos Triumphs" by the modern Greek poet Constantine Cavafy. [24], In the aftermath of Constantinople's fall, one of the most pressing threats to the new Ottoman regime was the possibility that one of Constantine XI's relatives would secure support and return to reclaim the empire. John VI Cantacuzenus, (born 1292—died June 15, 1383, Mistra, Byzantine Empire), statesman, Byzantine emperor, and historian whose dispute with John V Palaeologus over the imperial throne induced him to appeal for help to the Turks, aiding them in their conquest of the Byzantine Empire. After not receiving any satisfactory offers, Manuel surprised the establishment in Rome by travelling to Constantinople in 1476 and presenting himself before Sultan Mehmed II. [78], Many Byzantine nobles found themselves in Constantinople in 1453, fighting against the Ottomans in their final attack. The letter supposedly requested that if that was the case, the head of the family should be provided with the means of returning to Greece, with the trip paid for by the Greek government. [1] Michael seized the guardianship of the child emperor and was invested with the titles of megas doux and despotes. Her and Federico II's descendants, with the Gonzaga name, ruled Montferrat until they were supplanted by the House of Savoy, which had also intermarried with the Palaeologus-Montferrat family in the past, in the 18th century. 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